<div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote gmail_quote_container"><div dir="ltr"><div style="border:0px;font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:12pt;line-height:inherit;font-family:Aptos,Aptos_EmbeddedFont,Aptos_MSFontService,Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size-adjust:inherit;font-kerning:inherit;font-feature-settings:inherit;margin:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;color:rgb(0,0,0);direction:ltr">The Center for Philosophy of Science invites you to join us for our Lunch Time Talks.  Attend in person, Room 1117 on the 11th floor of the Cathedral of Learning at the University of Pittsburgh or visit our live stream on YouTube at <span style="border:0px;font:inherit;margin:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;color:blue"><u><a id="m_-5721104723729208575gmail-LPlnkOWAa834949d-6b0b-dcfe-9f6b-6f29bfcd884a" title="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCrRp47ZMXD7NXO3a9Gyh2sg" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCrRp47ZMXD7NXO3a9Gyh2sg" style="border:0px;font:inherit;margin:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;color:blue" target="_blank">https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCrRp47ZMXD7NXO3a9Gyh2sg</a></u></span>.    </div><div style="border:0px;font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:12pt;line-height:inherit;font-family:Aptos,Aptos_EmbeddedFont,Aptos_MSFontService,Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size-adjust:inherit;font-kerning:inherit;font-feature-settings:inherit;margin:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;color:rgb(0,0,0);direction:ltr"><br></div><div id="m_-5721104723729208575gmail-x_m_-3334168803583952291m_8671757130564799082m_6588461408525047054m_4125393272996218362m_-2211205961369998212m_-1594970769784908183m_5810761170962567598m_2570446183047793778m_-5489186187998458374m_397367357000567001m_-2428511768820842704m_-6897424909836913620m_-3624638712626788390m_-5625453133038190678m_-6277648019630375156m_5422915107825258630m_-3764833216693478172m_6607850884337007589m_-2341060921868922453m_192073903683202698m_-4366808584148716573m_3920387530433489363m_9206680493473021279m_6073136766091579437gmail-x_x_x_x_Signature" style="border:0px;font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:inherit;font-size-adjust:inherit;font-kerning:inherit;font-feature-settings:inherit;margin:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;color:inherit"><div style="font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:inherit;font-size-adjust:inherit;font-kerning:inherit;font-feature-settings:inherit;border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;color:inherit"><p style="font-weight:inherit;margin:0px;color:rgb(36,36,36);font-size:15px;direction:ltr;line-height:1.38"><span style="border:0px;font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:12pt;line-height:24px;font-family:Aptos,Aptos_EmbeddedFont,Aptos_MSFontService,Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size-adjust:inherit;font-kerning:inherit;font-feature-settings:inherit;margin:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;color:black;letter-spacing:0.4pt"><b>Lunch Time Talk – </b></span><span style="border:0px;font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:14pt;line-height:28px;font-family:Aptos,Aptos_EmbeddedFont,Aptos_MSFontService,Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size-adjust:inherit;font-kerning:inherit;font-feature-settings:inherit;margin:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;color:rgb(51,74,255);letter-spacing:0.4pt"><b>Kareem Khalifa</b></span></p><div style="font-weight:inherit;border:0px;font-variant-numeric:inherit;font-variant-east-asian:inherit;font-variant-alternates:inherit;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:15px;line-height:inherit;font-size-adjust:inherit;font-kerning:inherit;font-feature-settings:inherit;margin:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;color:rgb(36,36,36);width:888px;display:inline-block"><div id="m_-5721104723729208575gmail-LPBorder_GTaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cua2FyZWVta2hhbGlmYS5jb20v" style="border:0px;font:inherit;margin:16px 0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;color:inherit;width:800px;max-width:800px;min-width:424px"><span style="color:inherit;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit;font-style:inherit;font-variant-ligatures:inherit;font-variant-caps:inherit;font-weight:inherit;letter-spacing:0.4pt">Tuesday, September 30 @ 12:00 pm - 1:30 pm</span></div></div><div style="font-weight:inherit;border:0px;font-variant-numeric:inherit;font-variant-east-asian:inherit;font-variant-alternates:inherit;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:12pt;line-height:1.2;font-family:Aptos,Aptos_EmbeddedFont,Aptos_MSFontService,Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size-adjust:inherit;font-kerning:inherit;font-feature-settings:inherit;margin:0px 0px 0.75em;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;color:black;direction:ltr"><span style="border:0px;font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:inherit;line-height:24px;font-family:inherit;font-size-adjust:inherit;font-kerning:inherit;font-feature-settings:inherit;margin:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;color:inherit;letter-spacing:0.4pt">This talk will be available online:  Zoom: </span><span style="border:0px;font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:inherit;line-height:24px;font-family:inherit;font-size-adjust:inherit;font-kerning:inherit;font-feature-settings:inherit;margin:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;color:rgb(20,24,39);letter-spacing:0.4pt"><a id="m_-5721104723729208575gmail-LPlnk386773" title="https://pitt.zoom.us/j/91581835765" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pitt.zoom.us/j/91581835765" style="border:0px;font:inherit;margin:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline" target="_blank">https://pitt.zoom.us/j/91581835765</a></span></div><div style="font-weight:inherit;border:0px;font-variant-numeric:inherit;font-variant-east-asian:inherit;font-variant-alternates:inherit;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:12pt;line-height:24px;font-family:Aptos,Aptos_EmbeddedFont,Aptos_MSFontService,Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size-adjust:inherit;font-kerning:inherit;font-feature-settings:inherit;margin:0in;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;color:black;direction:ltr"><span style="border:0px;font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:700;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:inherit;line-height:24px;font-family:inherit;font-size-adjust:inherit;font-kerning:inherit;font-feature-settings:inherit;margin:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;color:inherit;letter-spacing:0.4pt">Title: Unifying Sociological Race Theories</span></div><div style="border:0px;font-variant-numeric:inherit;font-variant-east-asian:inherit;font-variant-alternates:inherit;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:12pt;line-height:1.2;font-family:Aptos,Aptos_EmbeddedFont,Aptos_MSFontService,Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size-adjust:inherit;font-kerning:inherit;font-feature-settings:inherit;margin:0px 0px 0.75em;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;color:black;direction:ltr"><span style="color:inherit;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit;font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;border:0px;font-stretch:inherit;line-height:24px;font-size-adjust:inherit;font-kerning:inherit;font-feature-settings:inherit;margin:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;letter-spacing:0.4pt">Abstract: </span><span style="font-weight:700;color:inherit;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit;font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;border:0px;font-stretch:inherit;line-height:24px;font-size-adjust:inherit;font-kerning:inherit;font-feature-settings:inherit;margin:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;letter-spacing:0.4pt"> </span></div><div style="border:0px;font-variant-numeric:inherit;font-variant-east-asian:inherit;font-variant-alternates:inherit;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:12pt;line-height:1.2;font-family:Aptos,Aptos_EmbeddedFont,Aptos_MSFontService,Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size-adjust:inherit;font-kerning:inherit;font-feature-settings:inherit;margin:0px 0px 0.75em;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;color:black;direction:ltr"><span style="font-weight:inherit;color:inherit;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit;font-style:inherit;font-variant-ligatures:inherit;font-variant-caps:inherit;letter-spacing:0.4pt">Among contemporary race theories in sociology, four currently enjoy prominence: racial formation theories, relational race theories, theories of structural racism, and theories of systemic racism</span><i style="font-weight:inherit;color:inherit;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit;font-variant-ligatures:inherit;font-variant-caps:inherit;letter-spacing:0.4pt">. </i><span style="font-weight:inherit;color:inherit;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit;font-style:inherit;font-variant-ligatures:inherit;font-variant-caps:inherit;letter-spacing:0.4pt">While these theories are sometimes treated as competitors, I will argue that this is largely mistaken. Instead, I argue that these ‘theories’ are more profitably understood as models that are unified by a more general theoretical framework. After presenting and defending this framework, I discuss some of its philosophical and sociological consequences.</span></div><div style="font-weight:inherit;border:0px;font-variant-numeric:inherit;font-variant-east-asian:inherit;font-variant-alternates:inherit;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:12pt;line-height:1.418;font-family:Aptos,Aptos_EmbeddedFont,Aptos_MSFontService,Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size-adjust:inherit;font-kerning:inherit;font-feature-settings:inherit;margin:0px;padding:0px 0px 10px;vertical-align:baseline;color:rgb(0,0,0);direction:ltr"><span style="border:0px;font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:inherit;line-height:24px;font-family:inherit;font-size-adjust:inherit;font-kerning:inherit;font-feature-settings:inhe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t-east-asian:inherit;font-variant-alternates:inherit;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:12pt;line-height:1.2;font-family:Aptos,Aptos_EmbeddedFont,Aptos_MSFontService,Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size-adjust:inherit;font-kerning:inherit;font-feature-settings:inherit;margin:0px 0px 0.75em;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;color:rgb(0,0,0);direction:ltr;letter-spacing:0.4pt"><span style="border:0px;font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:inherit;line-height:24px;font-family:inherit;font-size-adjust:inherit;font-kerning:inherit;font-feature-settings:inherit;margin:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;color:inherit;letter-spacing:0.4pt">Abstract:   </span></div><div style="border:0px;font-variant-numeric:inherit;font-variant-east-asian:inherit;font-variant-alternates:inherit;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:12pt;line-height:1.2;font-family:Aptos,Aptos_EmbeddedFont,Aptos_MSFontService,Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size-adjust:inherit;font-kerning:inherit;font-feature-settings:inherit;margin:0px 0px 0.75em;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;color:rgb(0,0,0);direction:ltr;letter-spacing:0.4pt"><span style="color:inherit;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit;font-style:inherit;font-variant-ligatures:inherit;font-variant-caps:inherit;font-weight:inherit;letter-spacing:0.4pt">Psychiatry is often portrayed as a fragmented science, encompassing diverse explanatory frameworks from psychodynamic theories to biological psychiatry and patient-centered models. Debates over its scientific legitimacy frequently hinge on whether mental disorders are natural kinds—categories that enable stable explanation, prediction, and intervention. Ian Hacking’s notion of </span><i style="color:inherit;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit;font-variant-ligatures:inherit;font-variant-caps:inherit;font-weight:inherit;letter-spacing:0.4pt">looping effects</i><span style="color:inherit;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit;font-style:inherit;font-variant-ligatures:inherit;font-variant-caps:inherit;font-weight:inherit;letter-spacing:0.4pt"> has been central to this discussion, suggesting that human kinds such as schizophrenia or multiple personality disorder change under classification, thereby undermining their stability. This has fueled the view that psychiatry cannot claim the epistemic status of sciences grounded in stable natural kinds. I argue that this conclusion rests on an unduly narrow conception of stability, one tied to essentialist or homeostatic property cluster accounts. Drawing on Hacking’s earlier work in </span><i style="color:inherit;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit;font-variant-ligatures:inherit;font-variant-caps:inherit;font-weight:inherit;letter-spacing:0.4pt">Representing and Intervening</i><span style="color:inherit;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit;font-style:inherit;font-variant-ligatures:inherit;font-variant-caps:inherit;font-weight:inherit;letter-spacing:0.4pt">, I propose an alternative reading in which stability is not an intrinsic property of kinds but a product of successful intervention. Reconceptualizing psychiatric practice—particularly therapeutic engagement with the self—as an interventionist enterprise reveals a form of localized, practice-dependent stability that supports psychiatry’s scientific legitimacy without requiring reductionist unity. This reframing not only reconciles two strands of Hacking’s thought but also foregrounds the epistemic role of the self in psychiatric science.</span></div><br></div></div></div>
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